熟女自慰

作者：Linxin Duan, Ya Li, Jingjun Cheng, Yongqin Liu and Yunxia Gao*

题名：Determinants of Local Communities’ Willingness to Engage in the Non-Timber Forest Products Industry near Nature Reserves: Evidence from China

期刊：《Forests》

摘要：Nature reserves are among the regions with the richest forest and grass resources. They face dual pressures of protection and development. The non-timber forest products (NTFPs) industry combines ecological protection with economic development. This unique function provides a key solution to this contradiction. Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study employs a structural equation model (SEM). We collected survey data from 361 farmers. These farmers live in communities surrounding Yunling Provincial Nature Reserve. We empirically examine how behavioral attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control influence their willingness to participate in the non-timber forest products (NTFPs) industry. The results show that subjective norm and perceived behavioral control significantly enhance participation willingness. Subjective norm emerges as the strongest predictor. In contrast, behavioral attitude has no significant effect. This suggests that external social pressure and perceived self-capability outweigh simple benefit expectations in shaping willingness. Accordingly, we recommend three measures. First, strengthen external support to translate attitudes into actual willingness. Second, leverage social networks to amplify subjective norms. Third, enhance farmers’ endogenous capacity to consolidate their participation base. These measures can foster a win–win outcome for ecological protection and community income growth.

自然保护区作为林草资源最富集的区域之一，面临保护与发展的双重压力，而非木材林产品产业兼顾生态保护与经济发展的独特功能，为破解这一矛盾提供了关键路径。本研究基于计划行为理论，采用结构方程模型，收集了云岭自然保护区周边社区361份农户调查数据，实证分析了行为态度、主观规范与知觉行为控制对农户非木材林产品产业参与意愿的影响机制。结果表明，主观规范与知觉行为控制均对参与意愿产生显著影响，其中主观规范的驱动效应最强；而行为态度的影响不显著，说明外部社会压力和自身条件感知比单纯的效益认知更能决定农户参与意愿。因此，我们建议采取三项措施。首先，强化外部支持以打通态度向意愿的转化通道。其次，利用社会网络释放主观规范驱动力。最后，提升农户内生能力，夯实参与基础，从而推动生态保护与社区增收的双赢。

关键词: non-timber forest products; participation willingness; theory of planned behavior; community participation; protection and development; sustainable forest management