熟女自慰

作者：Yanjun Jiang  Yue Zhang*  Xuebing Bai  Shilong Meng  Ruiyao Ying

题名：The impact of contract choice on the economic beneffts of resource utilization of swine manure by pig farmers: a perspective from environmental regulation and ffnancing constraints

期刊：《Environment, Development and Sustainability》.2026, (6)

摘要：The efffcient utilization of livestock manure represents a critical pathway for achieving agricultural sustainability and greenhouse gas reduction. Based on survey data from 720 households in Sichuan and Jiangsu provinces, using BFG and PSM to examine the impact of contract choice on the economic beneffts of manure resource utilization among pig farmers. Key ffndings reveal that horizontal and hybrid contracts signiffcantly enhance economic beneffts compared to market-based models, while vertical contracts show no marked effect. Environmental regulations strengthen the positive role of cooperatives, particularly under ffnancing constraints. Pig farmers can enhance technologies for manure resource utilization and expand breeding scales by joining cooperatives. Meanwhile, vertical organizational and hybrid organizational contract structures can improve the economic beneffts of farmers' manure resource utilization through increasing asset speciffcity and breeding scales. Policymakers are advised to incentivize hybrid contracts through subsidies and prioritize cooperative development. Strengthening environmental oversight and expanding low-interest ffnancing channels can further promote sustainable manure management. This research provides empirical evidence for the green transition in the livestock sector.

有效利用牲畜粪污是实现农业可持续性和减少温室气体排放的关键途径。基于四川和江苏省720户家庭的调查数据，使用BFG和PSM模型检验了契约选择对养猪户粪污资源利用经济效益的影响。研究发现，与完全市场相比，横向和混合组织契约结构显著提高了粪污资源利用经济效益，而纵向组织契约结构效果甚微。融资约束视角下环境规制加强了横向组织契约结构的正向促进作用。养猪户可以通过加入横向组织契约结构提高资源利用率，扩大养殖规模。同时，纵向组织和混合组织契约结构可以扩大养殖规模来提高养猪户粪污资源利用经济效益。建议加强混合组织契约结构的财政补贴力度。同时，加强环境监管，拓宽低息融资渠道，进一步促进粪便可持续管理，本研究为畜牧业绿色转型发展提供了政策依据。

关键词：Contract choice   Economic beneffts   Manure resource utilization   Environmental regulation   Financing constraints   China   Cooperatives

  契约选择  经济效益  粪污资源化利用  环境规制   融资约束  中国  合作社